Indian History – in English

Indian History material

Scientific Wonders of Ancient India – Mathematics, Medicine, Astronomy & More

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Scientific and Technological Progress in Ancient India Many people think that ancient Indians only believed in religions, philosophies, and superstitions, and that scientific knowledge came to India only after the British. But this is completely wrong. If we study history carefully, we can clearly see that ancient Indians made remarkable contributions to science and technology […]

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Pallavas of Kanchipuram – History, Kings, Architecture, Literature & Legacy

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Pallavas (6th – 9th Century CE)   The Pallavas (6th–9th century CE) were one of the most influential dynasties of South India, ruling with Kanchipuram as their capital. They played a crucial role in shaping the political, cultural, and architectural history of the region. Known both for their military conquests and patronage of art, literature,

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Glory of the Badami Chalukyas: Pulakeshin II’s Rise and Battles

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Badami / Vatapi Chalukya Kingdom (CE 543–755) For about 200 years, the Chalukyas of Badami ruled the Deccan region with Badami (ancient name Vatapi) as their capital. (Since several dynasties with the name Chalukya ruled different parts of India at different times, their capitals must be mentioned along with their dynastic names for proper identification.)

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Gupta Period – Administration, Religion, Fine Arts, Architecture & Ajanta Painting (Part-2)

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The Gupta period (4th–6th century CE) occupies a special place in Indian history. It was a time of political stability, economic prosperity, and remarkable achievements in religion, literature, art, and architecture. Historians often call it the “Classical Age of India” due to the flourishing of cultural and intellectual activities. The Guptas developed a well-organized administrative

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Gupta Age: Golden Age of India – Administration, Art, Literature & Legacy (Part-1)

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Gupta Age (275 CE – 550 CE) The early history of the Guptas is not clearly available. The first rulers of this dynasty used the title Maharaja, which indicates that they were ruling as feudatories. However, it is not clear to whom they were subordinates. Some historians opine that the Guptas were vassals of the

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Post-Mauryan Art and Architecture: Gandhara, Mathura, and Amaravati Schools Explained (Part-4))

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The Post-Mauryan Age (200 BCE – 300 CE) marked a significant phase in the cultural history of India. With the growth of trade, urbanization, and the patronage of foreign as well as indigenous rulers, the field of art and architecture witnessed remarkable progress. This period gave rise to three distinct schools of sculpture—Gandhara Art, Mathura

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Post-Mauryan Age: Trade, Religion & Cultural Transformation (Part-3)

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The Post-Mauryan Age (200 BCE – 300 CE) represents a significant phase in Indian history, marked by remarkable growth in foreign trade and notable religious developments. This period, often referred to as the Mercantile Age, witnessed extensive maritime and overland commercial exchanges with China, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Roman Empire, which contributed to the

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Tamil Kingdoms of Ancient South India: Cholas, Cheras, Pandyas & Sangam Literature

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In ancient South India, three great dynasties—the Cholas, Cheras, and Pandyas—rose to prominence and shaped the region’s political, cultural, and literary identity. Collectively known as the Three Tamil Kingdoms, they ruled over Tamil Nadu and Kerala, each with its own capital, royal emblem, and legacy. These kingdoms not only established strong political foundations but also

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Post-Mauryan Age: Shungas, Ikshvakus & Indigenous Kingdoms of India (Part-2)

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After the decline of the Mauryan Empire in the 2nd century BCE, India witnessed the rise of several powerful indigenous kingdoms alongside the influx of foreign dynasties. These regional powers played a crucial role in shaping India’s political, cultural, and religious landscape. Among them, the Shungas and Kanvas in North India, the Satavahanas in the

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